Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"This paper attempts to quantify the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on social capital with cross-country data. Using data from the World Values Survey, the authors estimate reduced-form regressions of the main determinants of social capital controlling for HIV prevalence, institutional quality, social distance, and economic indicators. The results obtained indicate that HIV prevalence affects social capital negatively. The empirical estimates suggest that a one standard deviation increase in HIV prevalence will lead to a decline of at least 1 percent in trust, controlling for other determinants of social capital. Moving from a country with a relatively low level of HIV prevalence, such as Estonia, to a country with a relatively high level, such as Uganda, there is a more than 11 percent point decline in social capital. These results are robust in a number of dimensions and highlight the empirical importance of an additional mechanism through which HIV/AIDS hinders the development process. "--World Bank web site.

HIV (Viruses). --- Social capital (Sociology).

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"A growing number of developing countries have introduced conditional cash transfer programs that provide money to poor families with certain contingencies attached - such as requiring school attendance or regular immunization and health check-ups. As the popularity of conditional cash transfer programs has grown, experimentation with potential applications in other areas of health, such as sexual and reproductive health, and HIV prevention, in particular, has also increased. Evaluations of conditional cash transfer programs have focused almost exclusively on uptake of health and educational services, which make relatively low demands of participants compared with more complex interventions, which require the cessation of risky behaviors, such as smoking, obesity, and substance abuse. The literature on contingency management - based on the principle that behavioral change occurs when appropriate behaviors are reinforced and rewarded - provides a richer picture of the complexity of the use of conditionality to encourage healthy behavioral change. This paper examines developing countries' experiences with conditional cash transfer programs and the results of trials in clinical settings on the efficacy of contingency management, and addresses their relevance for designing conditional cash transfer programs to address risky sexual behavior and promote the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. "--World Bank web site.

HIV (Viruses) --- Sexually transmitted diseases --- Prevention

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

AIDS (Disease --- HIV (Viruses) --- Vaccines --- Health aspects

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Malware attacks are increasing both in frequency and sophistication, thus posing a serious threat to the Internet economy and to national security. This book is a first step toward addressing the threat of malware in a comprehensive, global manner. It informs readers about malware -- its growth, evolution and countermeasures to combat it;  presents new research into the economic incentives driving cyber-security decisions; and  makes specific suggestions on how the international community can better work together to address the problem.

Computer viruses --- Computer networks --- Computer security. --- Virus informatiques --- Réseaux d'ordinateurs --- Sécurité informatique --- Security measures --- Sécurité --- Mesures --- Computer viruses. --- Security measures. --- Computer privacy --- Computer system security --- Computer systems --- Computers --- Cyber security --- Cybersecurity --- Electronic digital computers --- Protection of computer systems --- Security of computer systems --- Data protection --- Security systems --- Hacking --- Computer network security --- Network security, Computer --- Security of computer networks --- Computer security --- Software viruses --- Viruses, Computer --- Computer crimes --- Malware (Computer software) --- Protection

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

HIV infections --- AIDS (Disease) --- Tuberculosis --- Consumption (Disease) --- Lungs --- Phthisis --- Pulmonary tuberculosis --- TB (Disease) --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV (Viruses) infections --- HTLV-III infections --- HTLV-III-LAV infections --- Human T-lymphotropic virus III infections --- Chest --- Mycobacterial diseases --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Lentivirus infections --- Sexually transmitted diseases --- Diseases